Pdf design and static analysis of automobile gearbox cover. A simplifying technical feature of its fourwheeldrive system was that either the rear wheels only, or for better traction all four wheels, could be driven, so that in the absence of permanent fourwheel drive there was no need to incorporate a centre differential in the transfer gearbox. Differential gearbox is used when high speed, large power transmission where noise abatement is important. Gear types, spur, helical, bevel, rack and pinion, worm. The differential is found on all modern cars and trucks, and also in many allwheeldrive fulltime fourwheeldrive vehicles. The analysis results shows that the composite gears offer improved properties over the conventional metallic gear and these can be used as better alternative for replacing metallic gears for the differential gearbox apllication. They must be continuously separated by a thin film of lubricant.
These allwheeldrive vehicles need a differential between each set of drive wheels, and they need one between the front and the back wheels as well, because the front wheels travel a different distance through a turn than the rear wheels. The gear arrangement allows the translation of torque ninety degrees. Here we present a simplified explanation of how and why an automobile differential works. Types of differential and how they work mat foundry group. By optimal oil the differential box transmits mechanical energy from a prime mover to an output device. Mar 31, 2014 in an gear box, the gear teeth and other moving metal must not touch. It changes speed and torque between engine and driving wheels. This is all about what is gearbox and types of gearbox. Shot back in 1937, it explains how a differential the part of the car that negotiates. In turning condition, differential should not be locked. Hypoid gears are typically found within the differential rear axle of automobiles. Design and analysis of differential gearbox engineers gallery. In rearwheel drive cars, the differential converts rotational motion of the transmission shaft which lies parallel to the car s motion to rotational motion of the halfshafts on the ends of which are the wheels, which lie perpendicular to the car s motion. In spiral differential the pinion gears contacts the ring gears at its centerline.
I had developed this work as my semester project with a view to get familiar with the technologies as well as application of theories into practical work done by industries. Bevel gearboxes are special speed reducers with their shafts lying perpendicular to each other and therefore used mainly in rightangle applications. Like most things on modern automobiles, the simple piece of gearing known as a differential has seen constant refinement and experimentation leading to a range of types each with their own advantages and disadvantages. A differential is a gear train with three shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of one shaft is the average of the speeds of the others, or a fixed multiple of that average.
Nov 23, 2012 a differential is a device, usually but notnecessarily employing gears, capable oftransmitting torque and rotation throughthree shafts, almost always used in one oftwo ways. To transmit the power to the wheels while allowing them to rotate at different speeds this is the one that earned the differential its name. They drive the two bevel gears at the same speed and in the same direction as the casing and the crown wheel. To move the vehicle out from the mud there is requirement of differential locking, by which both the rear axles are act as a solid shaft. One of the bevel gears on the wheel shafts can be regarded as a sun gear while the other bevel gear then corresponds in a figurative sense to the ring gear. It consists of two bevel gears sun gear and two bevel gears planet gear.
Research article design and structural analysis of. Buy products related to differential gearbox products and see what customers say about differential gearbox products on free delivery possible on eligible purchases. Function of a clutch a to permit engagement or disengagement of a gear when the vehicle is stationary and the engine is running b to transmit the engine power to the road wheels smoothly without shock to the transmission system while setting the wheel in motion. In automobiles and other wheeled vehicles, the differential allows each of the driving road wheels to rotate at different speeds, while for most vehicles supplying equal torque to each of them. In this article, youll learn why your car needs a differential, how it works and what its shortcomings are. Front wheel drive vehicles tend to have the pinion on the end of the mainshaft of the gearbox and the differential is enclosed in the same housing as the gearbox.
Differentials open, locked, limited slip, edl, quattro. Because the crown wheel has more number of teeth and it is connected to rear axles and level. In one way, it receives one inputand provides two outputs. Working of differential gear box for automobile vehicles differential when a four wheeler car takes a turn, the outer wheel turns faster than inner wheel. Thus, there is relative movement between inner and outer wheel. To act as the final gear reduction in the vehicle after the gearbox. The concept of the differential that is, to allow wheels mounted on the same axle to rotate independently of each other. Nicely explained actual working of differential gear box in all cases i.
But, when it comes to weight for light utility vehicles aluminium alloy is preferred. The gear train in an automobile differential is a common application of gears, but often misunderstood by the lay public. In case of automobiles, the differential has three functions. Animation of automobile differential gear box youtube. Materials for automobiles indian institute of technology. Each type of automotive differential explained feature. Differential is an arrangement of gears which work together and allow the vehicle to take a turn smoothly. Design and analysis of differential gearbox full report download abstract abstract my project design and analysis of differential gearbox mainly focuses on the mechanical design and analysis of gearbox as transmit the power. In the differential, bevel pinion gear is fixed to the propeller shaft which rotates the crown wheel. If one of the wheels attached to a differential decides to hit some ice, for example, it slips and spins with all of the speed the differential has to distribute. Chassis power plant basic structure frame suspension system axle wheels transmission clutch gear box universal joints and propeller shaft differential front axle and rear axle wheels and tyres controls steering system brake system auxiliaries starting circuit charging circuit lighting circuit horn circuit gauges circuit body functions of various components 1. Differentials open, locked, limited slip, edl, quattro the open differential thats more or less the diagram of the inside of differential for a rear wheel drive car. Differential gear, in automotive mechanics, gear arrangement that permits power from the engine to be transmitted to a pair of driving wheels, dividing the force equally between them but permitting them to follow paths of different lengths, as when turning a corner or traversing an uneven road.
A brilliant explanation of how a cars differential works. I had developed this work as my semester project with a view to get familiar with the technologies as well as application. Abstract my project design and analysis of differential gearbox mainly focuses on the mechanical design and analysis of gearbox as transmit the power. I simplified it greatly as there may be more than 2.
May 02, 2017 in general, there are two designs of differential gears, hypoid and spiral that are used in automobiles. Sekhar, design and analysis of differential gear box used in heavy vehicles, ishitv, 2021 nov, 2015. The final drive is composed of a bevel gear or pinion and crown wheel. The crown wheel has another unit called the differential unit. Working of differential gear box for automobile vehicles. Apr 24, 2014 spurgear differential this is another type of differential that was used in some early automobiles, more recently the oldsmobile toronado, as well as other nonautomotive applications. Prospects of torsen differential in four wheel drive. Oct 25, 2018 differential gear as a special case of a planetary gearbox as already mentioned, a differential gear is a special type of a planetary gearbox.
On rear wheel drive vehicles, the differential may connect to halfshafts inside an axle housing, or drive shafts that connect to the rear driving wheels. The gearbox is a kind of right angle gear and is suitable for a right angle solution with a low ratio. Recent advances in differential drive systems for automobile. Car differential massachusetts institute of technology. Design and static analysis of automobile gearbox cover. The function of the differential is to permit the relative movement between inner and outer wheels when vehicle negotiates takes. What types of gears used in differentials and gear boxes of.
Gearboxes are used in almost every industry right from power to marine, and also include agriculture, textile, automobiles, aerospace, shipping etc. An excellent tutorial from the 1930s on the principles and development of the differential gear. It also changes the speed, direction or torque of mechanical energy. Differential mechanical device a cutaway view of an automotive final drive unit which contains the differential input torque is applied to the ring gear blue, which turns the entire carrier blue, providing torque to both side gears red and yellow, which in turn may drive the left and right wheels. Jun, 2012 in case of automobiles, the differential has three functions. Well also look at several types of positraction, also known as limited slip differentials.
This is the reason for a device known as a limited slip differential or traction control. Dec 18, 2011 even if you arent a car guy or girl you will probably really like this video. In automobiles and other wheeled ve hicles, the differential allows each of the driving road wheels to rotate at different speeds, while for most vehicles supplying equal torque to each of them. A front wheel drive car basically doesnt have a normal input shaft, but everything else is the same. A few comments on fefe3c system c is an interstitial impurity in fe. A spurgear differential has two equalsized spur gears, one for each halfshaft, with a space between them.
Therefor a gearbox runs partially filled with lubricant oil. A differential is a device, usually but notnecessarily employing gears, capable oftransmitting torque and rotation throughthree shafts, almost always used in one oftwo ways. Thus, a locking mechanism, or limited slip differential allows one wheel to slip or spin freely while some torque is delivered to the other wheel hopefully on dry land. Apr, 2014 differential is an arrangement of gears which work together and allow the vehicle to take a turn smoothly. Differential gearbox seminar reportpdf ppt download abstract. When the tractor is moving in a straight line, the differential pinion do not rotate on the stub shaft but are solid with the differential casing. Hypoid gears are similar to spiral bevel gears except that the shaft center lines do not intersect.
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